what is ADAS? Automotive ADAS Advanced driver-assistance systems
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Advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS), are electronic systems that help the vehicle driver while driving or during parking. When designed with a safe human-machine interface, they are intended to increase car safety and more generally road safety. ADAS systems use electronic technology such as microcontroller units (MCU), electronic control units (ECU),[2] and power semiconductor devices.[3]
Most road accidents occur due to human error.[4] Advanced driver-assistance systems are systems developed to automate, adapt and enhance vehicle systems for safety and better driving. The automated system which is provided by ADAS to the vehicle is proven to reduce road fatalities, by minimizing the human error.[5] Safety features are designed to avoid collisions and accidents by offering technologies that alert the driver to potential problems, or to avoid collisions by implementing safeguards and taking over control of the vehicle. Adaptive features may automate lighting, provide adaptive cruise control and collision avoidance, pedestrian crash avoidance mitigation (PCAM), incorporate satnav/traffic warnings, alert driver to other cars or dangers, lane departure warning system, automatic lane centering, show what is in blind spots, or connect to smartphones for navigation instructions.
Modern vehicles today have advanced driver-assistance systems integrated to their electronics and manufacturers refresh their car models to add more of these features into their cars. Early advanced driver-assistance systems include electronic stability control, anti-lock brakes, lane departure warning, adaptive cruise control and traction control. These systems can be affected by mechanical alignment adjustments. This has led many manufacturers to require electronic resets for these systems, after a mechanical alignment is performed.[6]
ADAS relies on inputs from multiple data sources, including automotive imaging, LiDAR, radar, image processing, computer vision, and in-car networking.[7] Additional inputs are possible from other sources separate from the primary vehicle platform, such as other vehicles, referred to as Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), or Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2X), such as mobile telephony or WiFi data network systems.
Advanced driver-assistance systems are one of the fastest-growing segments in automotive electronics,[8] with steadily increasing rates of adoption of industry-wide quality standards, in vehicular safety systems (ISO 26262), developing technology specific standards, such as IEEE 2020 for Image Sensor quality[9] and communications protocols such as the Vehicle Information API.[10]
Next-generation ADAS will increasingly leverage wireless network connectivity to offer improved value by using car-to-car (also known as Vehicle to Vehicle, or V2V) and car-to-infrastructure (also known as Vehicle to Infrastructure, or V2X) data.[11]
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the following forecase are from marketsandmarkets.com
The ADAS Market (advanced driver assistance system) is estimated to be USD 30.0 billion in 2019 and is projected to reach USD 134.9 billion by 2027, at a CAGR of 20.7% during the forecast period. ADAS technology improves the driving experience, while enhancing the vehicle and pedestrian safety. It is becoming an integral part of modern automobiles and is being adopted in passenger cars as well as commercial vehicles.
The automotive industry is witnessing a rapid evolution of safety features. The growth rate of safety features is expected to increase exponentially in the coming years. The main objective behind the implementation of these features in the vehicle is to provide a safer, efficient, and convenient driving experience.
Increasing demand for autonomous vehicles has also fueled the safety system market. Driver errors can be minimized by transforming the vehicle into a self-driving one as automated driving technology helps to reduce the errors caused by drivers. As per NHTSA, the total number of fatalities due to road accidents in the US in 2016 was 37,461, which grew by 5.6% from 2015. ADAS would play a crucial role in reducing the number of road accidents and would lead to a safe, productive, and efficient driving experience. Nowadays, active safety systems such as blind spot detection (BSD), AEB system, and LDW system play a major role in the automated driving technology.
Advanced driver assistance systems require basic infrastructure such as well-organized roads, lane marking, and availability of GPS for effective functioning. Also, V2V and V2X communications require adequate connectivity infrastructure. For highways, the information such as a lane change, object detection, distance between vehicles, traffic, and services such as navigation and connectivity are very important for semi-autonomous and autonomous trucks. However, due to the limited network connectivity on highways, vehicles are not connected to each other and the cloud data. In developing countries like Mexico, Brazil, and India, the development of IT infrastructure on highways is slow as compared to developed economies. 3G and 4G-LTE communication networks, which are required for connectivity, are offered in urban and semi-urban areas only. While several third-party logistics companies operate in semi-urban and rural areas, there are issues of low connectivity. Also, these developing countries need support from the government for the adoption of ADAS features in a vehicle. Therefore, lack of information technology communication infrastructure in developing regions and lag in government norms are the major restraints for the growth of ADAS in developing regions. Also, poor infrastructure outside the urban areas, cost considerations, and poor driving training or driving discipline restrain the growth of the ADAS market in these countries.
According to the US Environmental Protection Agency, the transportation sector was responsible for nearly 27% of the total greenhouse gas emissions in 2015, becoming one of the leading causes for the increase in global warming. Hence, various governments are promoting the use of electric vehicles for transportation as they significantly reduce automotive emissions. For instance, the US government offers rebates from USD 1,000 to USD 6,000 and an additional federal tax credit of up to USD 7,500 on the purchase of electric vehicles. As a result, the production and sale of electric vehicles are expected to increase rapidly. Moreover, OEMs are expanding their manufacturing facilities worldwide to increase the production of electric vehicles. For instance, in August 2017, Tesla planned to raise USD 1.5 billion to fund the development of its cheapest electric car, which proves the aggressiveness of manufacturers in the market. As electric vehicles are equipped with various safety technologies, their increased popularity among consumers is expected to boost the ADAS market.
Most of the safety features comprise sensors such as radar, LiDAR, ultrasonic, camera, infrared, and several actuators. These sensors and actuators monitor fields that are near and far in every direction and ensure the safety of the vehicle, driver, passengers, and pedestrians. The functioning of the system depends on several factors such as traffic and weather. In addition to functional requirements, ADAS must be secured from hackers with malicious intent. A hacker that infiltrates the system could gain considerable control of the vehicle. Several studies have shown that vehicle control can be gained through Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, or even GPS. These security threats pose a significant challenge for system manufacturers and OEMs.
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